How to Grow and Care for Plumeria (Frangipani)

In this guide, you’ll discover everything you need to know to grow and care for your frangipani tree. We’ll explore the essentials of plumeria biology, share vital care techniques for helping your plant thrive, and provide tips to maximise those gorgeous frangipani flowers.

Plant profile

• Light: Plumerias are light-loving plants, preferring 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Morning sun is ideal, with some afternoon shade in hotter climates.
• Humidity: Plumerias do best in at least 50% humidity during growth periods.
• Soil: Well-draining soil is crucial for plumeria health.
• Height: Up to 20 feet (6m) tall

Plumeria biology

Plumeria belongs to the dogbane family, Apocynaceae. It comprises about a dozen accepted species native to tropical regions of the Americas, from Mexico to northern South America and the Caribbean islands. The most common species you’re likely to encounter include:

These species have given rise to hundreds of beautiful hybrid varieties, each with its own unique characteristics and colour combinations.

Growth habits and lifecycle

Plumeria plants are deciduous or semi-evergreen shrubs and small trees. They have a moderate growth rate and can reach up to 20 feet (ca. 6 m) tall, though most home gardeners keep them pruned to about 6 to 8 feet (2.44 m). Their growth habit gives them a palm-like appearance, with elongated, leathery leaves clustered near the tips of thick, succulent branches.

The plumeria lifecycle begins with a seed, which contains an embryo and nutrient-rich endosperm. When conditions are right – with adequate oxygen, moisture, and warmth – the seed sprouts, pushing roots into the soil and a small seedling above ground. As the plant matures, it develops a rounded canopy and begins to produce flowers.

Plumeria typically blooms from late spring until early fall, with each flower lasting 1 to 4 days. The flowers are not only visually stunning but also highly fragrant, exuding a wonderful scent reminiscent of jasmine, citrus, and gardenia. This fragrance is strongest at night to attract their primary pollinators: moths.

Essential care for plumeria

To ensure your plumeria thrives, it’s crucial to provide the right amount of light and maintain appropriate temperatures. Plumerias require at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily, with morning sun being ideal. In hotter climates, some afternoon shade can be beneficial. These light-loving plants perform best in full sun, which is essential for abundant flowering.

Temperature-wise, plumerias prefer a range of 18° to 27 °C. If you live in a cooler climate, you’ll need to move your plumeria indoors when night temperatures fall below this threshold. During winter storage, maintain a temperature just above 4 °C to allow the plant to go dormant.

Water and humidity control

Proper watering is key to plumeria health. These plants have medium moisture requirements, needing well-draining soil that never becomes waterlogged. It’s best to water deeply but less frequently, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between watering. Reduce watering frequency in cooler temperatures, and resume regular watering as new growth appears in spring.

Humidity is also important for plumerias. They thrive in environments with at least 50% humidity during growth periods. If you’re growing plumeria indoors or in a greenhouse, you might need to use a humidifier or mist the plants regularly to maintain adequate humidity levels.

Soil and nutrient requirements

Plumerias require well-draining soil to prevent root rot. A slightly acidic, loamy soil with a pH between 6 and 7 is ideal. When growing plumerias in pots, use a coarse, well-draining potting mix. A cactus mix or a blend of perlite and sand works well.

To keep your plumeria healthy and blooming, regular fertilisation is essential. Use a fertiliser high in phosphorus to promote flower growth. A 10-30-10 formulation is suitable. Avoid fertilisers high in nitrogen, as these can result in leggy plants with fewer blooms. Apply fertiliser a few times during the growing season.

Maximising plumeria blooms

With enough sunlight, warm temperatures and a little fertiliser, your plumeria should blossom nicely. If you want even more fragrant flowers, you can take some extra steps. 

Prune your plumeria in spring before new blooms emerge. This encourages branching and can lead to more flower clusters. Deadhead spent flowers regularly to encourage new bud formation. Continue fertilising throughout the growing season to support ongoing bloom production.

Plumeria typically flower from early summer until fall, with peak bloom times varying by cultivar. With proper care, you can expect a beautiful display of fragrant flowers for several months.

Long-term plumeria maintenance

To keep your plumeria thriving year after year, you need to focus on three key areas: repotting and root care, pruning for shape and size, and pest and disease prevention. Repotting your plumeria is crucial for its long-term health. Here’s what you need to know:

Repot in spring after the last chance of frost

Choose a pot with good drainage, preferably with multiple holes. A 1-gallon black nursery pot works well for smaller plants, while a 2-gallon pot is suitable for larger ones.

Use a well-draining soil. Cactus mix is a great option for beginners. You can also create your own mix.
Be careful not to overwater. Let the soil dry thoroughly between watering to prevent root rot.

When repotting, gently loosen the roots and remove old soil. If roots are spiralling, make a single cut with clean pruners to encourage outward growth.

Pest and disease prevention

Regularly check your plumeria for pests and diseases. Make sure to look at the underside of the leafs as well. If you find anything out of the ordinary, you can check out our guides on the specific pests and disease for the correct treatment methods. Just tap on the links below. 

FAQ about frangipani

Ready to start your frangipani journey?

Now you know how to grow and care for your frangipani. In case you are keen to learn more about different types of plants, you can view our advisory articles about English ivy, passion flower, foxglove, and sunflowers. And if you have any questions or tips for us, leave a comment.

Happy gardening!

Louis Hooft

Founder & Lawn expert

Introducing Louis Hooft, the founder of MOOWY and your reliable expert. With a profound love for stunning lawns and extensive experience in garden maintenance, Louis is here to assist garden enthusiasts in achieving a greener and livelier outdoors than ever before. Count on Louis for invaluable tips, clever tricks, and top-notch products to make your garden flourish!